Net zero is a term that refers to the reduction of resource use to as close to zero as possible and the concept is applicable to all resources including energy, water, and waste.
- Net zero energy — consuming no more energy than is produced on-site from renewable sources.
- Net zero water — balancing water demand with water availability.
- Net zero waste — eliminating waste sent to landfills through resource reduction and material reuse and recovery..
Energy is the first resource to be targeted because:
- The building industry already has basic energy management tools.
- Everyone expects continual improvement in energy efficiency.
- Net zero energy offers significant operational savings.
- Distributed energy and redundancies improve our disaster resiliency.
A net zero energy building means that a building balances its energy needs with energy produced from on-site renewable sources. While net zero energy buildings may seem cutting edge, they will become status quo faster than you think.
The net zero energy building approach is different from previous energy efficiency approaches in two ways:
- The baseline and target are “zero” instead of a percentage improvement over prior performance.
- The energy you use must be supplied from on-site renewable sources.
The Department of Energy has released a common definition for net zero energy buildings: “An energy-efficient building where, on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less than or equal to the on-site renewable exported energy.” The full report includes explanations and definitions on the building, campus, portfolio, and community scale. It also covers how net zero energy buildings have lower operating and maintenance costs, better resiliency to power outages and natural disasters, and improved energy security.
Who is working on net zero energy buildings?
Federal legislation has established net zero energy building targets:
| Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Section 433(a) | “Federal buildings must reduce fossil fuel-generated energy consumption by increasing percentages reaching 100% reduction in 2030.” |
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State and local initiatives have established net zero energy building targets:
| California | The Public Utilities Commission created the “Zero Net Energy Commercial Building Action Plan” as part of California’s first Long Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan. |
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| Massachusetts | The Executive Office of Energy and the Environment created a plan for transforming buildings to net zero energy buildings. |
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| Oregon | The Energy Trust of Oregon created a “Path to Net Zero” pilot program. |
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| Seattle, Washington | The Seattle 2030 District, a public-private collaborative, has established a high-performance building district in downtown Seattle. |
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Numerous companies and industry programs have also established net zero energy building targets.